We continuously produce evidence and knowledge, and disseminate these in numerous formats:

Theses and dissertations

1. Granholm A. Establishing a Bayesian Adaptive Platform Trial in Critical Care. PhD thesis 2024. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10931287

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Peer-reviewed articles

11. Kjær MN, Bruun CRL, Granholm A, et al. A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients. Crit Care Med 2025; 10.1097/CCM.0000000000006556. doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000006556

10. Granholm A, Lange T, Harhay MO, et al. Effects of sceptical priors on the performance of adaptive clinical trials with binary outcomes. Pharm Stat 2024; 10.1002/pst.2387. doi.org/10.1002/pst.2387

9. Perner A, Kjær MN, Thorsen-Meyer H-C, et al. Platformsforsøg [In Danish – English title: Platform trials]. Ugeskr Laeger 2023; 185: V04230237. PMID: 37873986

8. Granholm A, Lange T, Harhay MO, et al. Effects of duration of follow-up and lag in data collection on the performance of adaptive clinical trials. Pharm Stat 2023; 10.1002/pst.2342. doi.org/10.1002/pst.2342

7. Kaas-Hasen BS, Granholm A, Sivapalan P, et al. Real-world causal evidence for planned predictive enrichment in critical care trials: a scoping review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 10.1111/aas.14321. doi.org/10.1111/aas.14321

6. Granholm A, Kaas-Hansen BS, Lange T, et al. Use of days alive without life support and similar count outcomes in randomised clinical trials – an overview and comparison of methodological choices and analysis methods. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 10.1186/s12874-023-01963-z. doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01963-z

5. Granholm A, Schjørring OL, Jensen AKG, et al. Association between days alive without life support/out of hospital and health-related quality of life. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 10.1111/aas.14231. doi.org/10.1111/aas.14231

4. Estrup S, Barot E, Mortensen CB, et al. Patient and public involvement in contemporary large intensive care trials: a meta-epidemiological study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 10.1111/aas.14183. doi:10.1111/aas.14183

3. Granholm A, Kaas-Hansen BS, Lange T, et al. An overview of methodological considerations regarding adaptive stopping, arm dropping and randomisation in clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2022; 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.11.002. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.11.002

2. Granholm A, Anthon CT, Kjær MN, et al. Patient-Important Outcomes Other Than Mortality in Contemporary ICU Trials: A Scoping Review. Crit Care Med 2022; 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000005637

1. Granholm A, Jensen AKG, Lange T, Kaas-Hansen BS. adaptr: an R package for simulating and comparing adaptive clinical trials. J Open Source Softw. 2022;7:4284. doi:10.21105/joss.04284

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Preprints of full-text article

2. Granholm A, Jensen AKG, Lange T, et al. Designing and evaluating advanced adaptive randomised clinical trials: a practical guide. 2025; 2501.08765 [stat.ME]. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.08765.

1. Kjær MN, Bruun CRL, Granholm A, et al. A core outcome set for general ICU patients. medRxiv. 2024; 2024.05.29.24308094v1. doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.24308094

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Software

1. Granholm A (author, mantainer), Kaas-Hasen BS (author), Jensen AKG (contributor), Lange T (contributor). adaptr: Adaptive Trial Simulator [R package]. 2022. GitHub: https://github.com/INCEPTdk/adaptr. CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/package=adaptr. Website/manual: https://inceptdk.github.io/adaptr/.

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Protocols published as full-text journal articles

8. Granholm A, Møller MH, Kaas-Hansen BS, et al. INCEPT: The Intensive Care Platform Trial-Design and protocol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2025; 69: e70023. doi:10.1111/aas.70023

7. Granholm A*, Munch MW*, Meier N, et al. Empirical meropenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for adult patients with sepsis (EMPRESS) trial: Protocol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 10.1111/aas.14441. doi.org/10.1111/aas.14441

6. Kaas-Hansen BS, Kjær MN, Møller MH, et al. Health-related quality of life trajectories in critical illness: protocol for a Monte Carlo simulation study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 10.1111/aas.14324. doi.org/10.1111/aas.14324

5. Kaas-Hansen BS, Granholm A, Anthon CT, Kjær MN, Sivapalan P, Maagaard M, Schjørring OL, Fagerberg SK, Ellekjær KL, Mølgaard J, Ekstrøm CT, Møller MH, Perner A. Causal inference for planning randomised critical care trials: protocol for a scoping review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022; Epub 20 Aug 2022. doi:10.1111/aas.14142

4. Kjær MN, Granholm A, Vesterlund GK, et al. Development of a core outcome set for general intensive care unit patients-A protocol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;66:415-424. doi:10.1111/aas.14024

3. Granholm A, Schjørring OL, Jensen AKG, et al. Health-related quality of life and days alive without life support or out of hospital: Protocol. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022;66:295-301. doi:10.1111/aas.14001

2. Barot E, Kjær MN, Collet M, et al. Patient and public involvement in contemporary large intensive care trials: Protocol for a meta-epidemiological study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65:1351-1354. doi:10.1111/aas.13953

1. Granholm A, Kaas-Hansen BS, Kjær MN, et al. Patient-important outcomes other than mortality in recent ICU trials: Protocol for a scoping review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021;65:1002-1007. doi:10.1111/aas.13937

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Protocols publicly registered

3. Kjær MN, Bruun CRL, Granholm A, et al. External validation of a core outcome set developed in Denmark for the general ICU patient – protocol amendment to an ongoing modified Delphi consensus process. OSF Registries. 2023. doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QUGYW

2. Granholm A, Lange T, Harhay MO, Perner A, Møller MH, Kaas-Hansen BS. Effects of duration of follow-up and lag in data collection on the performance of adaptive clinical trials. OSF Registries. 2023. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/4WMC9

1. Granholm A, Lange T, Harhay MO, Perner A, Møller MH, Kaas-Hansen BS. Effects of regularising, sceptical priors on the performance of adaptive clinical trials. OSF Registries. 2022. doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/U56XM

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Miscellaneous

2. The PRACTICAL, PANTHER, TRAITS, INCEPT, and REMAP-CAP investigators. The Rise of Adaptive Platform Trials in Critical Care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. doi:10.1164/rccm.202401-0101CP

1. Kjær MN, Granholm A, Perner A, Collet MO. Development of a core outcome set for general intensive care unit patients-Need for a broader context-Author’s reply. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2022;66:541-542. doi:10.1111/aas.14030

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